: George Bernard Shaw by Chesterton G K Gilbert Keith - Shaw Bernard 1856-1950 Criticism and interpretation

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INTRODUCTION.

A. D. PAGE

Character of the reign of William Rufus 3 The Norman Conquest in one sense completed, in another undone 3 Feudal developement under Rufus and Flambard 4 Growth of anti-feudal tendencies 4 Extension of the power of England at home 4 Beginning of rivalry between England and France 5 Change in the European position of England 5 Personal character of William Rufus 5-6 His companions and adversaries; Anselm and Helias 6 Last warfare between Normans and English; results of the struggle 6-7 The Norman kingship becomes English 7 Effects of the French war 7 Scheme of the work 8

THE EARLY DAYS OF WILLIAM RUFUS. 1087-1090.

Character of the accession of Rufus; general acceptance without formal election 9-10

Rufus the enemy of the Church, yet his election specially ecclesiastical 10 Wishes of the late King in his favour 11 Special agency of Lanfranc 12 Sept. 8, William Rufus leaves his father's death-bed and 1087. hastens to England 12-13 He brings with him Morkere and Wulfnoth, and again imprisons them 13-14 Duncan and Wulf set free by Robert 13 Meeting of William and Lanfranc 15 Sept. 26. Coronation of William Rufus at Westminster 15 His special oath 16 Dec. 1087- His gifts to churches and to the poor 17-18 Jan.1088. The Christmas Assembly; Odo restored to his earldom 18-19 Special circumstances of William's accession; no other available choice; comparison between William and Robert 19-22

THE FIRST WARS OF WILLIAM RUFUS. 1090-1092.

Character of the year 1089; natural phaenomena 175-176 August 11, The great earthquake 176 1089 Character of the year 1090; beginnings of foreign adventure and domestic oppression 177 The years 1090-1091; affairs of Normandy, Scotland, and Cumberland 177 Connexion of English and Norman history; the same main actors in both 177 Contrast between England and Normandy as to private war 178 The old and the new generation 179 History of Robert of Bell?me 179-181 His character; his engineering skill; his special and wanton cruelty 181-183 His enmity towards Helias, Abbot Ralph, and others 183-184 1110 His final imprisonment by Henry 184 History and character of Robert Count of Meulan and Earl of Leicester 184-187 His fame for wisdom and influence with Rufus and Henry 185-186 1118 Story of his death-bed 187

State of Normandy; interest of those who held lands in both countries 188-189 Temptations to invasion 188-189 Character of Robert; his weak good-nature and lack of justice 190-191 Spread of vice and evil fashions 191 Building of castles; garrisons kept by the Conqueror in the castles of the nobles 192 Robert of Bell?me and others drive out the Duke's forces 193 Robert's lavish grants; Ivry; Brionne 194 The AEtheling Henry claims his mother's lands 195 He buys the C?tentin and Avranchin; his firm rule 196-197 Summer, Henry goes to England; William 1088 promises him his mother's lands 197 He seizes them again; and grants them to Robert Fitz-hamon 198 Autumn, Influence of Odo with Robert 198 1088 Henry comes back to Normandy with Robert of Bell?me; they are seized and imprisoned 199 Earl Roger makes war on the Duke; his fortresses 199-200 Odo's exhortation to Robert 200-202 Affairs of Maine; relations with Fulk of Anjou 202-204 Robert acknowledged in Maine 204 Chief men of the county; Bishop Howel, Geoffrey of Mayenne, Helias of La Fl?che 205 April 21, Appointment of Howel to the see of Le Mans; 1085 his loyalty to the Norman dukes 205-208 Temporal relations to the see of Le Mans 207 Robert before Le Mans; general submission of the county 208-209 Aug.-Sept. Ballon holds out; description of the place; 1088 siege and surrender of the castle 209-211 Robert attacks Saint Cenery; description and history of the place 211-215 Geroy and his descendants; Saint Cenery seized by Mabel 214-215 Siege and surrender of Saint Cenery; blinding of Robert Carrel 215-217 Castle granted to Robert grandson of Geroy 217 Surrender of Alen?on, Bell?me, and other castles; Robert disbands his army 218-219 Robert of Bell?me set free at his father's request 219-220 Henry set free; his good government of Coutances and Avranches 220-222

Easter, Schemes of William Rufus; assembly at 1090 Winchester; the King's speech; war voted by the Witan 221-224 William stays in England; his policy; his advantages in his struggle with Robert 224-226 Power of William's wealth; mercenaries; bribes 226-227 Submission of Saint Valery; beginning of English action on the continent 227-228 Submission of various castles; Aumale, Eu, Gournay, Longueville; description of Gournay and Longueville 228-231 Ralph of Toesny and Count William of Evreux; their kindred; enmity of their wives 231-232 Heloise of Evreux and Isabel of Toesny 232-234 War between Ralph and Count William; Ralph vainly asks help of the Duke; he submits to King William 234 Helias of Saint-Saens; he marries Robert's natural daughter 235 His faithfulness; importance of his castles; Saint-Saens, Bures, and Arques 236-237 William's dealings with France; Robert asks help of Philip; Philip sets out, but is bribed to go back 237-239 The first English subsidy; first direct dealings between England and France; results of Rufus' dealings with Philip 239-241 Private wars not interrupted by the invasion; action of Robert of Bell?me 241-242 Robert of Meulan imprisoned and set free 243 Duke Robert takes Brionne 244 November, Movement at Rouen; the municipal spirit; influence 1090 of Conan; his treaty with William Rufus 245-247 A day fixed for the surrender to William; Duke Robert sends for help 248 November 3. Henry and Robert of Bell?me come to the help of Duke Robert 248-249 Rouen in the eleventh century 249-253 Fright of Duke Robert; division in the city; Henry sends Duke Robert away 253-256 Gilbert of Laigle enters Rouen; slaughter of the citizens; Conan taken prisoner 256 Conan put to death by Henry 257-260 Robert brought back; treatment of the citizens; imprisonment of William son of Ansgar 260-261 November Count William of Evreux marches against Conches 261-266 Siege of Conches; settlement of the county of Evreux on Roger of Conches 262-268 The three dreams; death of Roger of Conches 268-270 1100-1108 Later history of Ralph and William and their wives 270-271 Orderic's picture of Normandy; his English feelings 271-272

Christmas, Assembly at Westminster 273 1090 Feb. 1091 The King crosses to Normandy 273 January Duke Robert helps Robert of Bell?me; siege of Courcy 273-274 The siege raised at the news of William's coming 274 Treaty of Caen; cession of Norman territory to William 275-276 Saint Michael's Mount passes to William, the rest of the C?tentin and Maine to Robert; agreement to despoil Henry 277-279 Settlement of the English and Norman succession; growth of the doctrine of legitimacy 279-280 Dealings with Henry and Eadgar; Eadgar banished from Normandy; he goes to Scotland 280-282 Partisans on each side to be restored 282 The treaty sworn to; it stands but a little while 283 Lent, 1091 Robert and William march against Henry 283 Henry's preparations; Hugh of Chester and others surrender their castles 283 Henry defends himself on Saint Michael's Mount; he is welcomed by the monks 284-285 Siege of the Mount; its position; character of the siege 285-287 Personal anecdotes; story of Rufus and the knight who unhorsed him 287-290 Contrast between William and Robert; Henry allowed to take water, and William's answer 291-292 Feb. 1091 Henry surrenders 292-293 Aug. 1091 William returns to England with his brothers 293 Stories of Henry's adventures; evidence for his presence in England in 1091 293-295

May, 1091 Affairs of Scotland; Malcolm's invasion of Northumberland; he is driven back 295-297 Aug. 1091 William and Robert in England; relations between Robert and Malcolm; stronger side of Robert and Eadgar 297-298 September 3 William's march; state of Durham; restoration of Bishop William; his renewed influence 298-300 Michaelmas Loss of William's ships 300 The kings by the Scots' Water; mediation of Robert and Eadgar; Malcolm does homage to William 301-304 Questions as to the betrothal of Margaret and the earldom of Lothian 303-304 Return of William; signatures to the Durham charters 305-306 December 23 Fresh disputes between William and Robert; Robert and Eadgar leave England 306-307 October 15 Fall of the tower at Winchcombe 307 October 17 Great wind in London 308 1092 Fire in London 308 March 28 Consecration of the church of Salisbury 308-309 April 10 The tower and roof blown down 309 May 9 Completion of Lincoln minster; the church ready for consecration; Thomas of York claims the jurisdiction of Lindesey; the King orders the consecration 309-312 May 6 Remigius dies before the appointed day; the church remains unconsecrated 312

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