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On the hypothesis here advocated the manifestation is controlled and helped by such survival, but depends on some unknown internal law or laws which determine variation at special times and in special directions.

Professor Agassiz objects to the evolution theory, on the ground that "species, genera, families, &c., exist as thoughts, individuals as facts," and he offers the dilemma, "If species do not exist at all, as the supporters of the transmutation theory maintain, how can they vary? and if individuals alone exist, how can the differences which may be observed among them prove the variability of species?"

Some persons seem to object to the term "creation" being applied to evolution, because evolution is an "exceedingly slow and gradual process." Now even if it were demonstrated that such is really the case, it may be asked, what is "slow and gradual"? The terms are simply relative, and the evolution of a specific form in ten thousand years would be instantaneous to a being whose days were as hundreds of millions of years.

The notion of a special nature, a peculiar innate power and activity--what the scholastics called a "substantial form"--will be distasteful to many. The objection to the notion seems, however, to be a futile one, for it is absolutely impossible to altogether avoid such a conception and such an assumption. If we refuse it to the individuals which embody the species, we must admit it as regards their component parts--nay, even if we accept the hypothesis of pangenesis, we are nevertheless compelled to attribute to each gemmule that peculiar power of reproducing its own nature , with its special activity, and that remarkable power of annexing itself to certain other well-defined gemmules whose nature it is also to plant themselves in a certain definite vicinity. So that in each individual, instead of one such peculiar power and activity dominating and controlling all the parts, you have an infinity of separate powers and activities limited to the several minute component gemmules.

It is possible that in some minds, the notion may lurk that such powers are simpler and easier to understand, because the bodies they affect are so minute! This absurdity hardly bears stating. We can easily conceive a being so small, that a gemmule would be to it as large as St. Paul's would be to us.

Admitting then the existence of species, and of their successive evolution, is there anything in these ideas hostile to Christian belief?

Writers such as Vogt and Buchner will of course contend that there is; but naturalists, generally, assume that God acts in and by the various laws of nature. And this is equivalent to admitting the doctrine of "derivative creation." With very few exceptions, none deny such Divine concurrence. Even "design" and "purpose" are recognized as quite compatible with evolution, and even with the special "nebular" and Darwinian forms of it. Professor Huxley well says, "It is necessary to remark that there is a wider teleology, which is not touched by the doctrine of evolution, but is actually based upon the fundamental proposition of evolution." ... "The teleological and the mechanical views of nature are not necessarily mutually exclusive; on the contrary, the more purely a mechanist the speculator is, the more firmly does he assume a primordial molecular arrangement, of which all the phenomena of the universe are the consequences; and the more completely thereby is he at the mercy of the teleologist, who can always defy him to disprove that this primordial molecular arrangement was not intended to evolve the phenomena of the universe."

Professor Owen says, that natural evolution, through secondary causes, "by means of slow physical and organic operations through long ages, is not the less clearly recognizable as the act of all adaptive mind, because we have abandoned the old error of supposing it to be the result of a primary, direct, and sudden act of creational construction." ... "The succession of species by continuously operating law, is not necessarily a 'blind operation.' Such law, however discerned in the properties and successions of natural objects, intimates, nevertheless, a preconceived progress. Organisms may be evolved in orderly succession, stage after stage, towards a foreseen goal, and the broad features of the course may still show the unmistakable impress of Divine volition."

Mr. Wallace declares that the opponents of evolution present a less elevated view of the Almighty. He says: "Why should we suppose the machine too complicated to have been designed by the Creator so complete that it would necessarily work out harmonious results? The theory of 'continual interference' is a limitation of the Creator's power. It assumes that He could not work by pure law in the organic, as He has done in the inorganic world." Thus, then, there is not only no necessary antagonism between the general theory of "evolution" and a Divine action, but the compatibility between the two is recognized by naturalists who cannot be suspected of any strong theological bias.

The very same may be said as to the special Darwinian form of the theory of evolution.

But if we may never hope to find, in physical nature, evidence of supernatural action, what sort of action might we expect to find there, looking at it from a theistic point of view? Surely an action the results of which harmonize with man's reason, which is orderly, which disaccords with the action of blind chance and with the "fortuitous concourse of atoms" of Democritus; but at the same time an action which, as to its modes, ever, in parts, and in ultimate analysis, eludes our grasp, and the modes of which are different from those by which we should have attempted to accomplish such ends.

Mr. J. J. Murphy has brought strongly forward the evidence of "intelligence" throughout organic nature. He believes "that there is something in organic progress which mere Natural Selection among spontaneous variations will not account for," and that "this something is that organizing intelligence which guides the action of the inorganic forces, and forms structures which neither Natural Selection nor any other unintelligent agency could form."

This intelligence, however, Mr. Murphy considers may be unconscious, a conception which it is exceedingly difficult to understand, and which to many minds appears to be little less than a contradiction in terms; the very first condition of an intelligence being that, if it knows anything, it should at least know its own existence.

Surely the evidence from physical facts agrees well with the overruling, concurrent action of God in the order of nature; which is no miraculous action, but the operation of laws which owe their foundation, institution, and maintenance to an omniscient Creator of whose intelligence our own is a feeble adumbration, inasmuch as it is created in the "image and likeness" of its Maker.

This leads to the final consideration, a difficulty by no means to be passed over in silence, namely the ORIGIN OF MAN. To the general theory of Evolution, and to the special Darwinian form of it, no exception, it has been shown, need be taken on the ground of orthodoxy. But in saying this, it has not been meant to include the soul of man.

It is a generally received doctrine that the soul of every individual man is absolutely created in the strict and primary sense of the word, that it is produced by a direct or supernatural act, and, of course, that by such an act the soul of the first man was similarly created. It is therefore important to inquire whether "evolution" conflicts with this doctrine.

Now the two beliefs are in fact perfectly compatible, and that either on the hypothesis--1. That man's body was created in a manner different in kind from that by which the bodies of other animals were created; or 2. That it was created in a similar manner to theirs.

To this may be added the no less wonderful faculty in the ear of appreciating delicate musical tones, and the harmony of chords.

Mr. Wallace also urges objections drawn from the origin of some of man's mental faculties, such as "the capacity to form ideal conceptions of space and time, of eternity and infinity--the capacity for intense artistic feelings of pleasure, in form, colour and composition--and for those abstract notions of form and number which render geometry and arithmetic possible," also from the origin of the moral sense.

If there is really evidence, as Mr. Wallace believes, of the action of an overruling intelligence in the evolution of the "human form divine;" if we may go so far as this, then surely an analogous action may well be traced in the production of the horse, the camel, or the dog, so largely identified with human wants and requirements. And if from other than physical considerations we may believe that such action, though undemonstrable, has been and is; then we may, in the language of Mr. Wallace, "see indications of that power in facts which, by themselves, would not serve to prove its existence."

But if this view is accepted, then it is no longer absolutely necessary to suppose that any action different in kind took place in the production of man's body, from that which took place in the production of the bodies of other animals, and of the whole material universe.

It is not, however, necessary for Christianity that any such view should prevail. Man, according to the old scholastic definition, is "a rational animal" , and his animality is distinct in nature from his rationality, though inseparably joined, during life, in one common personality. This animal body must have had a different source from that of the spiritual soul which informs it, from the distinctness of the two orders to which those two existences severally belong.

That the first man should have had this double origin agrees with what we now experience. For supposing each human soul to be directly and immediately created, yet each human body is evolved by the ordinary operation of natural physical laws.

"On this view of his special attributes, we may admit 'that he is indeed a being apart.' Man has not only escaped 'Natural Selection' himself, but he is actually able to take away some of that power from nature which before his appearance she universally exercised. We can anticipate the time when the earth will produce only cultivated plants and domestic animals; when man's selection shall have supplanted 'Natural Selection;' and when the ocean will be the only domain in which that power can be exerted."

Baden Powell observes on this subject: "The relation of the animal man to the intellectual, moral, and spiritual man, resembles that of a crystal slumbering in its native quarry to the same crystal mounted in the polarizing apparatus of the philosopher. The difference is not in physical nature, but in investing that nature with a new and higher application. Its continuity with the material world remains the same, but a new relation is developed in it, and it claims kindred with ethereal matter and with celestial light."

This well expresses the distinction between the merely physical and the hyperphysical natures of man, and the subsumption of the former into the latter which dominates it.

Now physical science, as such, has nothing to do with the soul of man which is hyperphysical. That such an entity exists, that the correlated physical forces go through their Protean transformations, have their persistent ebb and flow outside of the world of WILL and SELF-CONSCIOUS MORAL BEING, are propositions the proofs of which have no place in this work. This at least may however be confidently affirmed, that no reach of physical science in any coming century will ever approach to a demonstration that countless modes of being, as different from each other as are the force of gravitation and conscious maternal love, may not co-exist. Two such modes are made known to us by our natural faculties only: the physical, which includes the first of these examples; the hyperphysical, which embraces the other. For those who accept revelation, a third and a distinct mode of being and of action is also made known, namely, the direct and immediate or, in the sense here given to the term, the supernatural. An analogous relationship runs through and connects all these modes of being and of action. The higher mode in each case employs and makes use of the lower, the action of which it occasionally suspends or alters, as gravity is suspended by electro-magnetic action, or the living energy of an organic being restrains the inter-actions of the chemical affinities belonging to its various constituents.

Thus conscious will controls and directs the exercise of the vital functions according to desire, and moral consciousness tends to control desire in obedience to higher dictates. The action of living organisms depends upon and subsumes the laws of inorganic matter. Similarly the actions of animal life depend upon and subsume the laws of organic matter. In the same way the actions of a self-conscious moral agent, such as man, depend upon and subsume the laws of animal life. When a part or the whole series of these natural actions is altered or suspended by the intervention of action of a still higher order, we have then a "miracle."

A. Aard-Vark, 174. Absolute creation, 252. Acanthometrae, 186. Acrodont teeth, 148. Acts formally moral, 195. Acts materially moral, 195. Adductor muscles, 79. Agassiz, Professor, 271. Aged, care of, 192. Aggregational theory, 163. Algoa Bay, cat of, 98. Allantois, 82. Amazons, butterflies of, 85. Amazons, cholera in the, 192. American butterflies, 29. American maize, 100. American monkeys, 226. Amiurus, 147. Amphibia, 109. Analogical relations, 157. Ancon sheep, 100, 103, 227. Andrew Murray, Mr., 83. Angora cats, 175. Animal's sufferings, 260. Ankle bones, 158. Annelids undergoing fission, 169, 211. Annulosa, eye of, 76. Anoplotherium, 109. Anteater, 83. Antechinus, 82. Antenna, of orchid, 56. Anthropomorphism, 258. Ape's sexual characters, 49. Apostles' Creed, 245. Appendages of lobster, 161. Appendages of Normandy pigs, 99. Appendages of turkey, 100. Appendix, vermiform, 83. Appreciation of Mr. Darwin, 10. Apteryx, 7, 70. Aqueous humour, 76. Aquinas, St. Thomas, 17, 263, 265. Archegosaurus, 135. Archeopteryx, 73. Arcturus, 193. Argyll, Duke of, 14, 276. Aristotle, 288. Armadillo, extinct kind, 110. Arthritis, rheumatic, 183. Artiodactyle foot, 109. Asa Gray, Dr., 253, 255, 261. Asceticism, 193. Ascidians, placental structure, 81. Assumptions of Mr. Darwin, 16. Astronomical objections, 136. Auditory organ, 74. Augustin, St., 17, 263, 264. Aurelius, Marcus, 206. Avian limb, 106. Avicularia, 80. Axolotl, 165. Aye-Aye, 107. Aylesbury ducks, 234.

B. Backbone, 135, 162. Bacon, Roger, 266. Baleen, 40. Bamboo insect, 33. Bandicoot, 67. Bartlett, Mr. A. D., 126, 234. Bartlett, Mr. E., 192. Basil, St., 17. Bastian, Dr. H. Charlton, 115, 219, 237, 266. Bat, wing of, 64. Bates, Mr., 29, 85, 87. Bats, 108. Beaks, 83. Beasts, sufferings of, 260. Beauty of shell-fish, 54. Bee orchid, 55. Bird, wings of, 64. Birds compared with reptiles, 70. Bird's-head processes, 80. Birds of Paradise, 90. Birth of individual and species, 2. Bivalves, 79. Black sheep, 122. Black-shouldered peacock, 100. Bladebone, 70. Blood-vessels, 182. Blyth, Mr., 100, 181. Bones of skull, 153. Bonnet, M., 217. Borwick, Mr., 198. "Boots" of pigeons, 181. Breathing, modified power of, 99. Breeding of lions, 234. Brill, 37. Broccoli, variety of, 100. Bryozoa, 81. Buchner, Dr., 273. Budd, Dr. W., 183. Buffon, 217. Bull-dog's instinct, 260. Burt, Prof. Wilder, 180, 184. Butterflies, 29. Butterflies, Amazonian, 85. Butterflies, American, 29. Butterflies of Indian region, 83. Butterflies, tails of, 85. Butterfly, Leaf, 31.

C. Cacotus, 149. Caecum, 83. Calamaries, 77. Cambrian deposits, 137. Cape ant-eater, 174. Care of aged, 192. Carinate birds, 70. Carnivora, 68. Carnivorous dentition, 110. Carp fishes, 146. Carpal bones, 106, 178. Carpenter, Dr., 115. Carpus, 177, 178. Cases of conscience, 201. Cassowary, 70. Catasetum, 56. Causes of spread of Darwinism, 10. Cebus, 226. Celebes, butterflies of, 85. Centetes, 148. Centipede, 66, 159. Cephalopoda, 74. Ceroxylus laceratus, 36. Cetacea, 42, 83, 105, 108, 174. Chances against few individuals, 57. Characinidae, 146. Cheirogaleus, 158. Chetahs, 234. Chickens, mortality of hybrids, 124. Chioglossa, 165. Chiromys, 107. Cholera, 192. Choroid, 76. Chronic rheumatism, 183. Circumcision, 212. Clarias, 146. Climate, effects of, 98. Climbing plants, 107. Clock-thinking illustration, 249. Cobra, 50. Cockle, 79. Cod, 39. Colloidal matter, 266. Conceptions, symbolic, 251. Connecticut footsteps, 131. Connecting links, supposed, 107. Conscience, cases of, 201. Conscientious Papuan, 197. Cope, Professor, 71, 130. Coracoid, of birds and reptiles, 70. Cornea, 77. Cornelius ? Lapide, 265. Correlation, laws of, 173. Corti, fibres of, 53, 279. Coryanthes, 56. Costa, M., 88. Cranial segments, 172. Creation, 245, 252. Creator, 15, 252. Creed, Apostles', 245. Crocodile, 43. Croll, Mr., 137. Crustacea, 79, 160. Cryptacanthus, 146. Crystalline matter, 266. Crystals of snow, 186. Cuttle-fishes, 74, 75. Cuvier, 109. Cyprinoids, 146. Cytheridea, 79.

D. Dana, Professor, 149. Darwin, Mr. Charles, 2, 10, 12, 14-21, 23, 27, 34, 35, 43, 45, 47, 48, 55-57, 59, 65, 88, 94, 98-100, 107, 118-126, 129, 138, 142, 145, 149, 150, 181, 188-190, 196, 208, 209, 214-216, 218, 223, 233, 234, 252, 254, 258, 259, 275, 276. Datura tatula, 101. Delhi, days at, 98. Delpino, Signor, 212, 213, 215. Democritus, 217, 275, 288. Density of air for breathing, 99. Dentition, carnivorous, 110. Derivation, 238. Derivative creation, 252, 282. Design, 259. Devotion, 193. Dibranchiata, 74. Difficulties of problem of specific origin, 1. Digits, supernumerary, 122, 181. Digits, turtle's, 106. Dimorphodon, 71. Dinornis, 70. Dinosauria, 71. Diseased pelvis, 182. Dissemination of seeds, 65. Doris, 170. Dotheboys' Hall, 272. Dragon, the flying, 64, 158. Dragon-fly, 77. Droughts, 25. Duck-billed platypus, 175. Dugong, 41, 175. Duke of Argyll, 14, 276. Dyspepsia, 201.

E. Ear, 74. Ear, formation of, 51. Early specialization, 111. Echinodermata, 44. Echinoidea, 44. Echinops, 148. Echinorhinus, 172. Echinus, 43. Economy, Fuegian political, 192. Eczema, 183. Edentata, 174. Egyptian monuments, 138. Elasmobranchs, 140. Elbow and knee affections, 183. Empedocles, 288. Eocene ungulata, 110. Eolis, 170. Equus, 97. Ericulus, 148. Ethics, 188. Eudes Deslongchamps, 99. Eurypterida, 141, 171. Eutropius, 147. Everett, Rev. R., 98. Evolution requires geometrical increase of time, 139. Eye, 76. Eye, formation of, 51. Eye of trilobites, 135.

F. Fabre, M., 46. Feather-legged breeds, 181. Feejeans, 199. Fertilization of orchids, 55. "Fiat justitia, ruat coelum," 195. Fibres of Corti, 53, 279. Final misery, 194. Finger of Potto, 105. Fish, flying, 64. Fishes, fresh-water, 145. Fishes, thoracic and jugular, 39, 140. Fixity of position of limbs, 39. Flat-fishes, 37, 166. Flexibility of bodily organization, degrees of, 119. Flexibility of mind, 267. Flies, horned, 93. Flight of spiders, 65. Flounder, 37. Flower, Professor, 163, 232, 283. Fly, orchid, 55. Flying-dragon, 64, 158. Flying fish, 64. Foetal teeth of whales, 7. Food, effects on pigs, 99. Footsteps of Connecticut, 131. Foraminifera, 186. Formally moral acts, 195. Formation of eye and ear, 51. Forms, substantial, 186, 272. Four-gilled Cephalopods, 76. Fowls, white silk, 122. French theatrical audience, 198. Fresh-water fishes, 145. Frogs, Chilian and European, 149. Fuego, Terra del, 192.

G. Galago, 158. Galaxias, 147. Galeus vulgaris, 172. Galton, Mr. F., 97, 113, 228. Gascoyen, Mr., 182. Gavials, 43. Gegenbaur, Prof., 176-178. Gemmules, 208. Generative system, its sensitiveness, 235. Genesis of morals, 201. Geographical distribution, 144. Geographical distribution explained by Natural Selection, 6. Geometrical increments of time, 139. Geotria, 147. Giraffe, neck of, 24. Gizzard-like stomach, 83. Glacial epoch, 150. Glyptodon, 110. Godron, Dr., 101. Goose, its inflexibility, 119. G?ppert, Mr., 101. Gould, Mr., 88. Grasshopper, Great Shielded, 89. Gray, Dr. Asa, 253, 255, 261. Great Ant-eater, 83. Great Salamander, 172. Great Shielded Grasshopper, 89. Greyhounds in Mexico, 99. Greyhounds, time for evolution of, 138. Guinea-fowl, 120. Guinea-pig, 126. G?nther, Dr., 145, 146, 172.

H. Hairless Dogs, 174, 175. Hamilton, Sir Wm., 267. Harmony, musical, 54, 279. Heart in birds and reptiles, 158. Hegel, 217. Heliconidae, 29. Hell, 194. Heptanchus, 172. Herbert Spencer, Mr., 20, 28, 67, 72, 163-166, 168, 170-172, 184, 187, 202, 203, 205, 218, 228, 245, 246, 248, 251. Hessian flies, 170. Heterobranchus, 146. Hewitt, Mr., 124, 181. Hexanchus, 172. Hipparion, 97, 134. Homogeny, 158. Homology, bilateral or lateral, 156, 164. Homology, meaning of term, 7, 156. Homology, serial, 159. Homology, vertical, 165. Homoplasy, 159. Honey-suckers, 90. Hood of cobra, 50. Hook-billed ducks, 100. Hooker, Dr., 150. Horned flies, 93. Horny plates, 40, 42. Horny stomach, 83. Human larynx, 54, 278. Humphry, Professor, 163. Hutton, Mr. R. Holt, 202, 203. Huxley, Professor, 67-69, 71, 72, 95, 103, 109, 130, 131, 137, 141, 163, 172, 173, 231, 247, 273. Hybrids, mortality of, 124. Hydrocyonina, 146. Hyperphysical action, 253. Hyrax, 179.

J. Japanned Peacock, 100. Jews, 212. Joints of backbone, 157, 162. Jugular fishes, 39, 141. Julia Pastrana, 174.

K. Kallima inachis, 31. Kallima paralekta, 31. Kangaroo, 42, 67. Kowalewsky, 81. Knee and elbow affections, 183. K?lliker, Professor, 104.

M. Machairodus, 110. Macrauchenia, 109. Macropodidae, 69. Macroscelides, 68. Madagascar, 148, 152. Magnificent Bird of Paradise, 93. Maize, American, 100. Mammals, 67. Mammary gland of kangaroo, 42. Mammary gland, origin of, 47. Man, origin of, 277. Man reveals God, 267. Man, voice of, 54. Manatee, 41, 175. Manchamp breed of sheep, 100. Manis, 175. Man's larynx, 54. Many simultaneous modifications, 57. Marcus Aurelius, 206. Martineau, Mr. James, 200, 245. Mastacembelus, 145. Materially moral acts, 195. Matter, crystalline and colloidal, 266. Meaning of word "individual," 2. Meaning of word "species," 2. Mechanical theory of spine, 164. Mediterranean oyster, 88, 98. Meehan, Mr., 88. Mexico, dogs in, 99. Mill, John Stuart, 15, 189, 193, 194. Mimicry, 8, 29. Miracle, 287. Molars, 111. Mole, 176. Moli?re, 230. Mombas, cats at, 98. Monkeys, American, 226. Monster proboscis, 123. Moral acts, 195. Mordacia, 147. Murphy, Mr. J. J., 52, 53, 76, 103, 114, 115, 137, 185, 221, 276, 281. Murray, Mr. Andrew, 83. Mus delicatulus, 82. Muscles of limbs, 180. Mussel, 79. Myrmecophaga, 83.

N. Nasalis, Semnopithecus, 139. Nathusius, 99. Natural Selection, shortly stated, 5. Naudin, M. C., 101. Nautilus, 76. Nebular evolution, 273. Neck of giraffe, 24. Newman, the Rev. Dr., 260, 268, 270, 286. New Zealand crustacea, 149. New Zealand fishes, 147. Niata cattle, 100. Nile fishes, 146. Normandy pig, 99. North American fish, 147 Nycticebus, 179.

O. Object of book, 5. Objections from astronomy, 136. Octopods, 77. Offensive remarks of Prof. Vogt, 13. Old, care of the, 192. Old Fuegian women, 192. Omygena exigua, 115. Ophiocephalus, 146. Optic lobes of pterodactyls, 71. Orchids, 92. Orchids, Bee, &c., 55. Organ of hearing, 74. Organ of sight, 76. Organic polarities, 185. Origin of man, 277. Orioles, 90. Ornithoptera, 84. Ornithorhynchus, 175. Orthoceratidae, 170. Orycteropus, 174. Ostracods, 79. Ostrich, 70. Otoliths, 74. Outlines of butterflies' wings, 86. Owen, Professor, 74, 102, 123, 217, 238, 274. Oyster of Mediterranean, 88, 98. Oysters, 79.

P. Paget, Mr. J., 182. Palaeotherium, 109. Pallas, 125. Pangenesis, 19, 208. Pangolin, 175. Papilio Hospiton, 85. Papilio Machaon, 85. Papilio Ulysses, 84. Papilionidae, 83. Papuan morals, 197, 198. Parthenogenesis, 217. Passiflora gracilis, 107. Pastrana, Julia, 174. Pathological polarities, 184. Pavo nigripennis, 100. Peacock, black shouldered, 100. Peacock, inflexibility of, 119. Pedicellariae, 44. Pelvis, diseased, 182. Pendulous appendages of turkey, 100. Perameles, 68. Periophthalmus, 146. Perissodactyle ungulates, 109. Permian, jugular fish, 141. Perodicticus, 105, 179. Phalangers, 67. Phasmidae, 89. Phyllopods, 79. Physical actions, 253. "Physiological units," 168, 218. Pigeons' "boots," 181. Placental mammals, 67. Placental reproduction, 81. Plants, tendrils of, 107. Plates of baleen, 40. Platypus, 175. Pleiades, 193. Plesiosaurus, 106, 133, 178. Pleurodont dentition, 148. Pleuronectidae, 37, 166. Plotosus, 147. Poisoning apparatus, 66. Poisonous serpents, 50. Polarities, organic, 184, 185. Political economy, Fuegian, 192. Polyzoa, 80, 81. Pompadour, Madame de, 206. Poppy, variety of, 101. Porcupine, 175. Porto Santo rabbit, 100, 122. Potto, 105, 179. Pouched beasts, 67. Powell, the Rev. Baden, 259, 261, 285. Premolars, 111. Prepotency, 124. Primary intuitions, 251. Primitive man, 204. Problem of origin of kinds, 1. Proboscis monkey, 139. Proboscis of ungulates, 123. Processes, bird's-head, 80. Psettus, 146. Psoriasis, 183. Pterodactyles, compared with birds, 70. Pterodactyles, wing of, 64. Puccinia, 115. Purpose, 259.

Q. Quasi-vertebral theory of skull, 172.

R. Rabbit of Porto Santo, 100, 122. Radial ossicle, 176. Rarefied air, effect on dogs, 99. Rattlesnake, 49, 50. Red bird of Paradise, 92. Relations, analogical, 157. Relations, homological, 156. Reptiles compared with birds, 70. Retina, 76. Retrieving, virtue a kind of, 189, 205. Reversion, cases of, 122. Rhea, 70. Ribs of Cetacea and Sirenia, 41. Ribs of flying-dragon, 64, 158. Richardson's figures of pigs, 99. Roger Bacon, 266. Rudimentary structures, 7, 102.

S. Sabre-toothed tiger, 110. St. Augustin, 17, 263-265. St. Basil, 17. St. Hilaire, M., 179. St. Thomas Aquinas, 17, 263, 265. Salamander, great, 172. Salter, Mr., 124. Salvia officinalis, 213. Salvia verticillata, 213. Scapula of birds and reptiles, 70. Schreber, 13. Sclerotic, 76. Scorpion, sting of, 66. Seals, 83. Sea squirts, 81. Seeds, dissemination of, 65. Seeley, Mr., on pterodactyles, 71. Segmentation of skull, 172. Segmentation of spine, 171. Segments, similar, 160. Self-existence, 252. Semnopithecus, 139. Sense, organ of, 51, 69, 74, 76. Sensitiveness of generative system, 235. Sepia, 77. Serpents, poisonous, 50. Sexual characters of apes, 49. Sexual selection, 48. Sharks, 83. Shell-fish, beauty of, 54. Shells of oysters, 88, 98. Shielded grasshopper, 89. Silurian strata, 140, 142. Simultaneous modifications, 57. Sirenia, 42 Sir John Lubbock, 198, 204. Sir William Thomson, 136. Sitaris, 46. Six-shafted bird of Paradise, 90. Skull bones, 153. Skull segments, 172. Sloth, windpipe of, 82. Smithfield, wife-selling in, 198. Snow, crystals of, 186. Sole, 37. Solenodon, 148. Species, meaning of word, 2. Spelerpes, 165. Spencer, see Herbert Spencer. Spider orchid, 55. Spiders, flight of, 65. Spine of Glyptodon, 110. Spine, segmentation of, 172. Squalidae, 38. Squilla, 160. Sterility of hybrids, 125. Stings, 66. Straining action of baleen, 41. Struthious birds, 70, 151. Sturgeon, 171. Suarez, 18, 263. Substantial forms, 186, 272. Sufferings of beasts, 260. Supernatural action, 252. Supernatural action not to be looked for in nature, 15. Supernumerary digits, 122, 181. Syllis, 169, 211. Symbolic conceptions, 251. Symmetrical diseases, 182. Syphilitic deposits, 183.

T. Tadpole's beak, 83. Tails of butterflies, 85. Tapir, 123, 134. Tarsal bones, 159, 198. Teeth of Cetacea, 83. Teeth of Insectivora, 68. Teeth of kangaroo and Macroscelides, 69. Teeth of seals, 83. Teeth of sharks, 83. Teleology and evolution compatible, 273. Tendrils of climbing plants, 107. Tenia echinococcus, 170. Teratology, 173. Tetragonopterina, 146. Thomson, Sir William, 136. Thoracic fishes, 39. Thorax of crustaceans, 79. Thylacine, 67. Tierra del Fuego, 192. Tiger, sabre-toothed, 110. Time required for evolution, 128. Tope, 172. Trabeculae cranii, 172. Transitional forms, 128. Transmutationism, 242. Trevelyan, Sir J. Peacock, 100. Trilobites, 135, 141, 171. Tunicaries, 81. Turbot, 37. Turkey, effects of climate on, 100. Turkish dog, 45. Two-gilled cephalopods, 76. Type, conformity to, 241.

U. Umbilical vesicle, 82. Ungulata, 25, 109. Ungulata eocene, 110. Units, physiological, 168, 218. Unknowable, the, 245. Upper Silurian strata, 140, 142. Urotrichus, 68.

W. Wagner, J. A., 13. Wagner, Nicholas, 170. Walking leaf, 35. Walking-stick insect, 33. Wallace, Mr. Alfred, 2, 10, 26, 29, 30, 32, 35, 36, 54, 83, 84, 87, 89, 90, 103, 117, 191, 197, 226, 274, 281-283. Weaver fishes, 39. Weitbrecht, 179. Whale, foetal teeth of, 7. Whale, mouth of, 40. Whalebone, 40. Whales, 78. White silk fowls, 122. Wife selling, 198. Wild animals, their variability, 120. Wilder, Professor Burt, 180, 184. Windpipe, 82. Wings of bats, birds, and pterodactyles, 64, 130. Wings of birds, origin of, 106. Wings of butterflies, outline of, 86. Wings of flying-dragon, 64, 158. Wings of humming-bird, 157. Wings of humming-bird hawk moth, 157. Wings of insects, 65. Wombat, 83. Women, old Fuegian, 192. Worms undergoing fission, 169, 211. Wyman, Dr. Jeffries, 185.

Y. York Minster, a Fuegian, 197.

Z. Zebras, 134. Zoological Gardens, Superintendent of, 126.

R. CLAY, SONS, AND TAYLOR, PRINTERS, LONDON.

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