Read Ebook: Vegetable Teratology An Account of the Principal Deviations from the Usual Construction of Plants by Masters Maxwell T Maxwell Tylden

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Ebook has 2327 lines and 172865 words, and 47 pages

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INTRODUCTION xxi

DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY ARRANGEMENT 1

COHESION 9

Cohesion between axes of same plant, 9--Fasciation, 11--Cohesion of foliar organs, 21--Of margins of single organs, 21--Tubular petals, 23--Cohesion of several organs by their margins, 25--Of the sepals, 27--Of the petals, 28--Of the stamens, 29--Of the pistils, 29--Ascidia or pitchers, 30.

ADHESION 32

Adhesion of foliar organs, 32--Of leaves by their surfaces, 33--Of foliar to axile organs, 34--Of sepals to petals, 34--Of stamens to petals, 34--Of stamens to pistils, 35--Miscellaneous adhesions, 35--Of fruit to branch, 36--Synanthy, 36--Syncarpy, 45--Synspermy, 50--Between axes of different plants of same species, 50--And of different species, 55--Synophty.

FISSION 59

Fission of axile organs, 60--Of foliar organs, 61--Of petals, 66--Of stamens, 68--Of carpels, 68.

DIALYSIS 69

Dialysis of margins of individual parts, 70--Of margins of parts of same whorl-calyx, 70--Of corolla, 71--Of stamens, 73--Of carpels, 73.

SOLUTION 76

Solution of calyx from ovary, 77--Of stamens from petals, 82.

DISPLACEMENT 84

Displacement of bulbs, 84--Of inflorescence, 85--Of leaves, 87--Of parts of flowers, 91--Of carpels, 96--Of placentas and ovules, 96.

PROLIFICATION 100

Prolification of the inflorescence, 102--Median foliar, 103--Median floral, 105--Lateral foliar, 106--Lateral floral, 107--Prolification of the flower, 115--Median foliar, 116--Median floral, 119--Axillary prolification, 138--Foliar, 141--Floral, 142--Complicated prolification, 151--Of embryo, 155.

HETEROTAXY 156

Formation of adventitious roots, 156--Of shoots below the cotyledons, 161--Adventitious leaves, 162--On scapes, 163--Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds, 164--Viviparous plants, 168--Formation of buds on leaves, 170--In pith, 171--On bulbs, 172--Production of gemmae in place of spores, 173--Of flowers on leaves, 174--Of flower-buds in place of leaf-buds, 176--Of flowers on spines, 177--Of flower-buds on petals, 177--On fruits, 178--In ovaries, 180--Of stamens in ovaries, 182--Of pollen in ovules, 185--Homomorphic flowers of Compositae, 188--Heterotaxy affecting the inflorescence, 188--Supra-soriferous ferns, 190.

HETEROGAMY 190

Change in the position of male and female flowers, 191--From monoecious to dioecious condition, 193--From dioecious to monoecious, 193--From hermaphroditism to unisexuality, 195--From unisexuality to hermaphroditism, 197--Pollen replaced by ovules, 201.

ALTERATIONS IN THE DIRECTION OF ORGANS 201

Fastigiation, 202--Eversion, 204--Altered direction of leaves, 205--Altered direction of flower, 206--Reflexion, 209--Gymnaxony, 211.

DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY FORM 213

PERSISTENCE OF JUVENILE FORMS 217

Stasimorphy in leaves of Conifers, 217--Regular peloria, 219.

IRREGULAR PELORIA 228

PHYLLODY 241

Phyllody of bracts, 242--In inflorescence of Conifers, 245--Of calyx, 245--Of corolla, 251--Of stamens, 253--Of pistils, 256--Of ovules, 262--Changes in nucleus of ovule, 269--Phyllody of accessory organs, 272--Chloranthy, 273--General remarks on, 278.

METAMORPHY OF FLORAL ORGANS 281

Sepalody of petals, 282--Petalody of calyx, calycanthemy, 283--Petalody of stamens, 285--Of anther, 291--Of connective, 293--Compound stamens, 294--Petalody of pistils, 296--Of ovules, 297--Of accessory organs, 297--Staminody of the bracts, 298--Of sepals and petals, 298--Of pistils, 299--Of accessory organs, 301--Pistillody of perianth, 302--Of sepals, 302--Of stamens, 303--Of ovules, 310.

DEFORMITIES 311

Formation of tubes, 312--In flower, 314--Spurs, 315--Contortion, 316--Spiral torsion, 319--Of leaf, 326--Adventitious tendrils, 326--Interrupted growth, 327--Cornute leaves, 328--Flattening, 328.

POLYMORPHY 329

Heterophylly, 330--Dimorphism, 333--Sports or bud-variations, 336.

ALTERATIONS OF COLOUR 337

Albinism, 337--Virescence, 338--Chromatism, 339.

DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY NUMBER 340

Multiplication of branches, 346--Plica, 346--Polyclady, 347--Multiplication of branches of inflorescence, 348--Of bulbs, 350--Of florets, 351.

MULTIPLICATION OF FOLIAR ORGANS 352

Pleiophylly, 353--Multiplication of stipules, bracts, &c., 357--Polyphylly, 358--Increased number of leaves in a whorl, 358--Polyphylly of bracts, 358--Of calyx, 358--Of corolla, 359--Of androecium, 361--Of gynoecium, 363--Of flower in general, 365--Increased number of ovules and seeds, 367--Of embryos, 369--Of cotyledons, 370--Pleiotaxy, or multiplication of whorls, 371--Pleiotaxy of bracts, 371--Of calyx, 374--Of perianth, 375--Of corolla , 376--Androecium, 379--Androecium of Orchids, 380--Pleiotaxy of gynoecium, 388--Increased number of flowers in an inflorescence, 391.

Acaulosia, 393--Non-development of peduncle, 393--Nature of calyx-tube , 394--Suppression of columella, 395.

SUPPRESSION OF FOLIAR ORGANS 395

Aphylly, 395--Meiophylly, 396--Of calyx or perianth, 396--Of corolla, 397--Of androecium, 398--Of gynoecium, 399--Of flower, 400--Meiotaxy, 403--Of calyx, 403--Of corolla, 403--Of androecium, 405--Of gynoecium, 406--Of ovules or seeds, 407--Of flower, 408--General remarks on suppression, 409.

DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY SIZE AND CONSISTENCE 413

PART I--HYPERTROPHY 416

ENLARGEMENT 417

Of axile organs, 418--Knaurs, 419--Enlargement of buds, 420--Of flower-stalk, 421--In pears, 423--Of placenta, 424--Of leaves, 426--Development of parts usually abortive, 427--Enlargement of perianth, 428--Of androecium, 430--Of gynoecium, 430--Of fruit, 431--Alterations of consistence, 432.

ELONGATION 488

Elongation of root, 434--Of inflorescence, 434--Of flower-stalks, 435--Of leaves, 437--Of parts of flower, 438--Of thalamus and placenta, 440--Apostasis, 440.

ENATION 443

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