Read Ebook: Biographical Outlines: British History by Anonymous

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Reigned 1017-1035.

A Danish king who came to the throne in 1017, he ruled over England, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, and was therefore called "The Great." He rebuked his courtiers, who flattered him, by commanding the waves to retire, and when they wetted his feet reminded them that there was only One who could say to the ocean, "Thus far shalt thou go, and no farther." He died A.D. 1035.

PETER THE HERMIT.

Died 1115.

A poor French priest who, on his return from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, went about from country to country persuading princes and people to join in the crusades against the Saracens with great enthusiasm.

SIR WALTER TYRRELL.

THOMAS ? BECKET.

RICHARD COEUR DE LION.

Reigned 1189-1199.

STEPHEN CARDINAL LANGTON.

Born 1151--Died 1228.--John.

Stephen Langton, English Chancellor of the University of Paris, was made Archbishop of Canterbury, but, owing to the king's opposition, did not enter into possession till 1213, when John was obliged to give way. Langton formed a solemn league with the English barons against the king's tyranny; and the Great Charter of English liberty which they drew up was signed by John at Runnymead, near Windsor, in 1215. In the Great Charter the first idea of the House of Lords is drawn out.

ROGER BACON.

Born 1214.--Died 1294.

A Franciscan monk, born at Ilchester, in Somersetshire. A natural philosopher and man of science. He is acknowledged to have introduced the study of chemistry into England, and was the first to combine the ingredients of gunpowder, though he did not foresee to what the discovery would lead.

SIMON DE MONTFORT,

LLEWELLYN,

SIR WILLIAM WALLACE.

Reigned 1272-1307.

ROBERT BRUCE,

ROGER MORTIMER,

Reigned 1327-1377.

QUEEN PHILIPPA.

THE BLACK PRINCE.

GEOFFREY CHAUCER,

JOHN GOWER.

An early English poet, born in Yorkshire, who flourished about the same time as Chaucer. His poems are chiefly on moral subjects, the first edition of them being printed by Caxton. He was a liberal benefactor to the church of St. Saviour, Southwark, and died in London.

Reigned 1413-1422.

RICHARD NEVILLE,

WILLIAM CAXTON.

CARDINAL WOLSEY.

SIR THOMAS MORE.

WILLIAM TYNDALE.

Was born in Wales, educated at Cambridge, and with Miles Coverdale made a new translation of the New Testament, the Pentateuch, and the book of Jonah. He was strangled and burnt at the stake at Vilvoord, in consequence of the success of his translations of the Bible.

THOMAS CRANMER,

SEBASTIAN CABOT,

SIR PHILIP SIDNEY.

Born 1554.--Died 1586.--Mary.--Elizabeth.

SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.

Sir Francis Walsingham was one of Elizabeth's most devoted ministers, and one of the craftiest and wiliest of men. He had an army of spies in pay, and was the chief mover in the cruelties practised in Elizabeth's reign, and in the beheading of Mary Queen of Scots.

SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.

WILLIAM CECIL,

EDMUND SPENSER.

Born 1553.--Died 1599.--Mary.--Elizabeth.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.

Universally acknowledged as the greatest poet that ever lived. He was born in 1564 at Stratford-on-Avon, and when quite young delighted the court of Queen Elizabeth with his genius. His plays are the best known of his works, and those which relate to historical subjects are treasuries of information upon the manners, customs, and mode of life of the times they represent.

SIR WALTER RALEIGH,

FRANCIS BACON,

BEN JONSON.

JOHN HAMPDEN.

VANDYKE.

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