Read Ebook: Parish Priests and Their People in the Middle Ages in England by Cutts Edward Lewes

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Ebook has 1341 lines and 185920 words, and 27 pages

The land only partially reclaimed, 1--The Anglo-Saxon conquest, 2--Civil constitution, 4--Religion, 7--Structural temples, 8--Priests, 11.

Multiplication of monasteries, 28: in Kent, 29; Northumbria, 29; East Anglia, 31; Wessex, 31; Mercia, 31--List of other Saxon monasteries, 33--Constitution of the religious houses, 35--Their destruction by the Danes, 37--Rebuilding in the reigns of Edgar and Canute, 37.

Character of the new converts, 38--Coming of Archbishop Theodore, 40--Union of the Heptarchic Churches, 41--Subdivision of dioceses, 41--Introduction of the parochial system, 43--Northumbria made a second province, 49--Multiplication of parishes, 50--Different classes of churches, 53--Number of parishes at the Norman Conquest, 54.

Laws of the heptarchic kingdoms: of Ethelbert, 57; of Ine, 57; of Wihtred, 57--Council of Clovesho , 60--Laws of Alfred, 65; of Athelstan, 66--Canons of Edgar, 66--Laws of Ethelred, 72--Canons of Elfric, 74--Privilege of sanctuary, 75--Tithe and other payments, 78--Observance of Sunday and holy days, 79--Slavery, 81--Manumission, 81.

Foreign bishops and abbots introduced, 84--Parochial clergy undisturbed, 85--Papal supremacy, 85--Separation of civil and ecclesiastical Courts, 86--Norman cathedrals and churches, 87--Revival of monasticism, 90--Appropriation of parochial benefices, 91.

Mode of appropriation of parishes, 95--Evil results, 97--Ordination of vicarages, 98--Its conditions, 99--Not always fulfilled, 108--Abuses, 109.

Chapels-of-ease for hamlets, 110--Some of them elevated into churches, 110--Rights of mother churches safeguarded, 121--Free chapels, 123.

Saxon clergy largely taken from the higher classes, 127--The career opened up by the Church to all classes, 129; even to serfs, 130--Education of the clergy, 131--The Universities, 136--Schools of thought, 136--The scholastic theology, 137--The contemplative, 138--Oxford: its colleges, 140--The students, 141--Ordination, 144--Institution, 146.

Like lay houses, 149--Examples at West Dean and Alfriston, Sussex, 152--Descriptions of: at Kelvedon, 154; Kingston-on-Thames, Bulmer, Ingrave, 155; Ingatestone, 156; Little Bromley, North Benfleet, 157; West Hanningfield, 158--Hospitality, 158--Smaller houses, 160--Dilapidations, 162.

Sumptuary laws, 164--Disregard of them, 167--Contemporary pictures, 169--Extracts from wills, 172--Introduction of sober colours, 174--Wills, 175.

Grandeur of the churches compared with domestic buildings, 184--Furniture of churches, 187, 190--List of necessary things, 189--Clerical vestments: pallium, chasuble, 191; stole, maniple, amice, dalmatic, 192; cope, surplice, 193; amyss, 194--Fanciful symbolism, 196; a bishop in "full canonicals," 198.

Matins, mass, and evensong, 200--Sunday attendance, 201--Communion, 200--Laxity of practice, 204--Week-day services, 205--The Bidding Prayer, 207--Bede Roll, 211--Chantry services, 212.

Education more common than is supposed, 241--Books for the laity in French and English, 242--Creed and Vision of "Piers Plowman," the tracts of Richard of Hampole and Wiclif, 242--"Lay Folks' Mass-book," 243--Primers, 249--Religious poetry: Caedmon, 250; "The Love of Christ for Man's Soul," 255; "The Complaint of Christ," 256.

Object of the obligation, 258--Opposition to it, 259--Introduced late in the Saxon period, 260--Endeavour to enforce it in Norman and later times, 261--Evasion of the canons, 268--Legal complications, 270--Popular view, 271--Disabilities of sons of the clergy, 273--Dispensations for it, 275.

Visitation of parishes, 279--Visitation questions, 280--Examples from returns to the questions, 285--Popular estimation of the clergy, 289.

Assistant chaplain, 290--Coadjutor assigned, 291--A leprous vicar, 294--Retirement on a pension, 295--A retiring vicar builds for himself a "reclusorium" in the churchyard, 295--Parish chaplain retires on a pension, 296--Death and burial, 296.

Ancient office, 298--Its duties, 299--Stipend, 301--Sometimes students for orders, 302--Gilds of parish clerks, 303--Chaucer's parish clerk, 304.

Sanctuary for persons, 306; and property, 307--Belonged to some persons, 308--Pilgrimage, 308--Special ceremonies, 311--Lights, 311--Miracles and passion plays, 315--Fairs, markets, and sports in the churchyard, 316--Church ales, 317.

Papal invasions of the rights of patronage, 319--The intrusion of foreigners into benefices, 320--Abuse of patronage by the Crown, 321--Pluralities, 323--Farming of benefices, 324--Holding of benefices by men in minor orders, 324--Absenteeism, 330--Serfdom, 332.

Character of the monks, 365--Place of the monasteries in social life, 366--Influence upon the parishes, 369--Friars, their origin; organization, 370--Work, 373--Rivalry with parish clergy, 374--Character, 377--Faults of the system, 378.

Origin of firstfruits and tenths, 380--Taxation of a specimen deanery, 381--Number of parishes, 384--Value of parochial benefices, 386--Number of clergy, 389.

Number of parishes, 394--Income, 395--Sources of income, 397--Comparative value of money in 1292, 1534, and 1890, 404--Economical status of parochial clergy, 406.

Early existence, 408--Saxon, 409--Norman, 409--Edwardian, 410--Later, 411.

Definition, 473--Trade gilds, 475--Religious gilds, 476--For the augmentation of Divine service, 478--For the maintenance of bridges, roads, chantries, 478--Services, 479--Social gilds, 482--Methods of obtaining better services and pastoral care, 483.

Description of, 486--Parochial history of the towns, 489--Peculiar jurisdictions, the origin of town parishes, 490--Norwich, 490--London, 492--Exeter, 497--Bristol, 499--York, 503--Ipswich, 506--Burton, 508--St. Edmund's Bury, 510--St. Albans, 513--Manchester, 514--Rotherham, 516--Sheffield, 519--Newark, 523--Recluses, 526--Bridge-chapels, 527--London Bridge, 529.

Schools of thought: progressive, 546; and conservative, 547--Religious character of the centuries: twelfth, 547; thirteenth, 548; fourteenth, 549; Chaucer's "Poore parson;" fifteenth, 552.

The history of the parish of Whalley, 557.

Comparative view of the returns of the "Taxatio," the "Valor," and the modern "Clergy List" in the two rural deaneries of Barstaple, Essex, 562; and Brigg, Canterbury, 564.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

The illustration taken from a French MS. of the middle of the fifteenth century will reward a careful study. Begin with the two pictures introduced into the broad ornamental border at the bottom of the page. On the left are a pope, an emperor, a king, and queen; on the right Death, on a black horse, hurling his dart at them.

ORDINATION OF A PRIEST, LATE 12TH CENTURY 94

Gives the Eucharistic vestments of bishop and priest, a priest in cope and others in albes, the altar and its coverings, and two forms of chalice.

ORDINATION OF A DEACON, A.D. 1520 146

Gives the vestments of that period. The man in the group behind the bishop, who is in surplice and hood and "biretta," is probably the archdeacon. Note the one candle on the altar, the bishop's chair, the piscina with its cruet, and the triptych.

AN ARCHDEACON LECTURING A GROUP OF CLERGYMEN ON THEIR SECULAR HABITS AND WEAPONS, 14TH CENTURY 174

He is habited in a red tunic and cap, the clergy in blue tunic and red hose and red tunic and blue hose.

AN ARCHDEACON'S VISITATION 174

A CLERICAL PROCESSION 190

INTERIOR OF A CHURCH AT THE TIME OF MASS 204

A SERMON 215

The bishop in blue chasuble and white mitre, people in red and blue tunics, two knights in chain armour, late 13th century.

BAPTISM BY AFFUSION 233

BAPTISM BY IMMERSION 233

Here the priest wears an albe apparelled and girded, and an amice, but no stole; the sitting posture of the child occurs in other representations, 14th century.

CONFIRMATION. 238

The bishop wears albe, dalmatic, cope, and mitre, the other clergy surplice and "biretta."

PRIEST IN SURPLICE, CARRYING CIBORIUM THROUGH THE STREET TO A SICK PERSON, PRECEDED BY THE PARISH CLERK WITH TAPER AND BELL 240

The ciborium, partly covered with a cloth, as in the illustration, which the priest carries, is silvered in the original illustration, and consequently comes out very imperfectly in the photograph.

PRIEST, ATTENDED BY CLERK, GIVING THE LAST SACRAMENT, 14TH CENTURY 240

BISHOP AND DEACON IN ALBE AND TUNIC, ADMINISTERING HOLY COMMUNION 246

Two clerics in surplice hold the housel cloth to catch any of the sacred elements which might accidentally fall.

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