Read Ebook: Duizend en één Nacht. Arabische vertellingen. Vierde deel by Anonymous

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CURRENT HISTORY CHRONICLED 381

BATTLES IN PICARDY AND FLANDERS 389

THIRD LIBERTY LOAN OVERSUBSCRIBED 419 Former War Loans of the United States 421

AMERICAN LABOR MISSION IN EUROPE 424

PROGRESS OF THE WAR 426

GERMAN LOSSES ON ALL FRONTS 431

GREAT BRITAIN'S FINANCES 432

TRADE AFTER THE WAR 434

FINLAND UNDER GERMAN CONTROL 438 Peace Treaty Between Finland and Germany 445

GERMAN AGGRESSION IN RUSSIA 449

THE RAID ON ZEEBRUGGE AND OSTEND 460

SEA-RAIDER WOLF AND ITS VICTIMS 473 Career and Fate of the Raider Seeadler 476

TREATMENT OF BRITISH PRISONERS: Official Report 479 American Prisoners Exploited 484

LLOYD GEORGE AND GENERAL MAURICE 488

THE NEW BRITISH SERVICE ACT 491 British Aid to Italy: General Plumer's Report 492

THE ISSUES IN IRELAND: Report of the Irish Convention 496 Greatest Gas Attack of the War 504

GERMANY'S ATTEMPT TO DIVIDE BELGIUM 511

STRIPPING BELGIAN INDUSTRIES: The Rathenau Plan 516 Spoliation of Belgian Churches: Cardinal Mercier's Protest 523 Belgium's Appeal to the Bolsheviki 525

RUMANIA'S PEACE TREATY 529 Summary of the Peace of Bucharest 531 Bessarabia Voluntarily United to Rumania 535

THE EUROPEAN WAR AS SEEN BY CARTOONISTS: 31 Cartoons 551

GENERAL SIR W. R. MARSHALL "

CHARLES M. SCHWAB 394

JOHN D. RYAN 395

STAFF OFFICERS WITH PERSHING 410

LEADERS IN WAR ACTIVITIES 411

BARON STEPHAN BURIAN 426

LEADERS IN IRISH CONTROVERSY 427

BRITISH WAR LEADERS 458

FRENCH AND AMERICAN TANKS 459

AMERICAN REGIMENT IN FRANCE 474

FRENCH CHATEAU IN RUINS 475

MARCHING TO THE FRONT 506

HARVARD REGIMENT IN BOSTON 507

TRAFALGAR SQUARE IN WARTIME 522

TYPICAL SCENE IN FLANDERS 523

CURRENT HISTORY CHRONICLED

SUMMARY OF WAR ACTIVITIES

Four weeks of comparative calm on the western front intervened after the furious fighting that had continued throughout the preceding month. The Germans made several desperate efforts to smash their way through the British lines to the channel ports, but they failed. The British and French lines stood firm as granite, and the enemy suffered frightful losses. The battle lines remained practically unchanged.

From the English Channel to the Adriatic there was complete union of the British, French, American, and Italian forces under a single command; these forces, including reserves, were estimated at 6,000,000 men. No military event of importance occurred on the other fronts, though the British made some further advances in Palestine and Mesopotamia.

In political matters the month brought events of more importance, chief of which was the renewal of an alliance between Germany and Austria; this was accomplished at a meeting of the Emperors.

The acceleration of troop movements from the United States to France was a feature of the month, the estimate for the four weeks running as high as 150,000; it was semi-officially stated that in April, 1918, more than 500,000 American soldiers were in France, and that by Jan. 1, 1919, there would be 1,500,000 of our fighting men at the front, with 500,000 more at transportation, supply, and civil work; the speeding up of shipbuilding and other war work was significant. The Third Liberty Loan aggregated more than ,000,000,000, with 17,000,000 subscribers, proving a brilliant success. The President by proclamation extended enemy alien restrictions to women also. A bill was passed enabling the President to consolidate and co-ordinate executive bureaus, thus giving him extraordinary executive powers. The sedition law was strengthened. A new commercial agreement was made with Norway.

In Great Britain the chief event was the triumph of the Premier over a military group that tried to overthrow his Ministry. There was a recrudescence of the spirit of rebellion in Ireland. In France the conviction of the Bonnet Rouge editors on a charge of treason deepened confidence in the stability of the Government. The German penetration of Russia continued, and all the evidence indicated that the country was coming under Teutonic control, economically, industrially, and financially. The humiliating peace forced on Rumania was ratified, and the country passed practically under German and Austrian domination.

The month's record of enemy U-boat losses strengthened faith that this menace was being eliminated and that new allied tonnage would exceed losses in increasing ratio from May 1, 1918.

The chief naval event was the daring British raid on the German submarine bases at Zeebrugge and Ostend; the channel at the first named port was blocked, and the harbor entrance at Ostend, by means of a second raid, was partially blocked, resulting in a serious hampering of submarine operations. The Italians penetrated Pola Harbor, May 14, with a small torpedo boat and sank a 20,000-ton Austrian dreadnought.

SINN FEIN PLOT FRUSTRATED

During the night of May 18 the British authorities in Ireland suddenly arrested at their homes about 500 of the leading Sinn Feiners on the charge of having treasonable communication with the German enemy. Among those arrested were the Sinn Fein members of Parliament, also the conspicuous Irish agitators and irreconcilables, both men and women. A proclamation was issued by the Lord Lieutenant declaring that a conspiracy with Germany had been discovered, calling upon all loyal Irishmen to assist in suppressing it, and urging voluntary enlistments. It was believed that this prompt action had prevented a contemplated uprising, which was being aided by German spies. Comparative calm followed the arrests.

FOCH'S ARMY COMPRISES ALL RACES OF EARTH

It seems certain that never in the world's history were so many different races, peoples, and tongues united under the command of a single man as are now gathered together in the army of Generalissimo Foch. If we divide the human races into White, Yellow, Red, and Black, all four are largely represented. Among the white races there are Frenchmen, Italians, Portuguese, English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Canadians, Australians, South Africans, New Zealanders; in the American Army, probably every other European nation is represented, with additional contingents from those already named, so that every branch of the white race figures in the ethnological total. There are representatives of many Asiatic races, including not only the volunteers from the native States of India, but elements from the French colony in Cochin China, with Annam, Cambodia, Tonkin, Laos, and Kwang Chau Wan. England and France both contribute many African tribes, including Arabs from Algeria and Tunis, Senegalese, Saharans, and many of the South African races. The red races of North America are represented in the armies of both Canada and the United States, while the Maoris, Samoans, and other Polynesian races are likewise represented. And as, in the American Army, there are men of German, Austrian, and Hungarian descent, and, in all probability, contingents also of Bulgarian and Turkish blood, it may be said that Foch commands an army representing the whole human race, united in defense of the ideals of the Allies. The presence, among Foch's strategic reserves, of 250,000 Italian soldiers is peculiarly interesting, as no Italian force at all comparable to this in numbers seems ever to have operated on French soil, though French armies have again and again fought in Italy. During the early wars of Napoleon this was the case, and again in 1859, when the battles of Magenta and Solferino gave names to two new shades of red. In 1870 also there were French troops in Rome; their withdrawal, in the Summer of that year, opened the way for the final union of Italy.

MEETING OF THE GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN EMPERORS

The German and Austrian Emperors held a consultation at German Great Headquarters on May 12 to discuss future relations between the two empires. Emperor Karl was accompanied by Foreign Minister Burian, Field Marshal von Arz, Chief of the General Staff, and Prince Hohenlohe, Austrian Ambassador at Berlin. Germany was represented by Imperial Chancellor von Hertling, Field Marshal von Hindenburg, General Ludendorff, Foreign Secretary von Kuehlmann, and Count von Wedel, Ambassador at Vienna.

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