Read Ebook: Great bands of America by Graham Alberta Powell Werth Kurt Illustrator

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Ebook has 691 lines and 44593 words, and 14 pages

There's Something About a Band 11

I Military Bands 15

UNITED STATES MARINE BAND 17

UNITED STATES NAVY BAND 27

UNITED STATES ARMY BAND 39

UNITED STATES ARMY AIR FORCES BAND 49

II Concert Bands 59

THE ALLENTOWN BAND 107

THE BARRINGTON BAND 109

THE BAND OF HAGERSTOWN 124

PHILADELPHIA'S MUMMERS' PARADE 125

V The Salvation Army Band 134

VI Merle Evans, Toscanini of the Big Top 146

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS BAND 157

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN BAND 163

FARM AND TRADES SCHOOL BAND 171

Books, Magazines, and Newspapers Consulted-- 183

For help in collecting data for this book, I am especially grateful to--

MRS. W. H. POWELL, for her aid in research and cooperation on the manuscript.

The following members of the staff of the Library of Congress:

What is more thrilling than a fine brass band? There's something about a band that sets hearts pounding and pulses racing.

Band music stirs all ages. Young and old pour into the streets to see and hear a band. Mothers with babies in their arms and wide-eyed youngsters clinging to their skirts, line the sidewalks. Small boys run to keep pace with the drummer, then with shoulders back and stomachs stuck out, they proudly march beside them. Old men lift heads high, women's eyes are tear-filled as the band brings sad memories.

All America loves a band. Even in Washington, the National Capital, the most popular parade ground in the United States, crowds quickly jam the streets to the very curb, as a band leads a parade along the Avenue. For it is a marching band which makes the deepest appeal to the emotions of the human mind and heart. A lively march will bring smiles to the faces, sparkles to the eyes and a rhythmic step to the feet.

Since that long-ago day when Joshua commanded his seven high priests--probably the first seven-piece wind band--to blow their rams'-horn trumpets as they marched seven times around the walled city of Jericho, countless marches have been played. And the walls still "come tumbling down" in hearts that thrill to band music.

Down through the ages the band, in its development, has sounded the call to arms and played the hymns of peace. In years gone by the music of the band led the townsfolk to the village green. Today the concert bands draw thousands of people to the public parks.

In our own country neither the Puritans nor the Quakers of New England's early days would allow the use of musical instruments. But the German and Swedish colonists brought their music with them to this country.

The first band in New York City consisted of four sturdy Dutch citizens who played the trumpet, flute, violin and drum. They gave a free concert every Saturday afternoon at Bowling Green to crowds of one hundred or more people. This was in the 1630's. A few years later seven younger, better-looking men made up a rival band. They played louder and became more popular.

Many small bands were organized in Boston during the next few years. Several little German bands came to this country and stopped in Boston. Some played on streets and were called Gutter Bands. Others were excellent musicians and one of their flute players became the flutist in the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

In 1773 Mr. Josiah Flagg formed a band of fifty or more men and gave concerts in Faneuil Hall. This was the first band of any size in America. Other bands were soon organized in Boston: The Green Dragon, and the Boston Brigade Band were very well known.

Bands may come and bands may go, but none like those found in a few small towns in the early 1800's will ever be seen again.

Even in those days everyone loved gay uniforms. Some of the bandsmen wore home-made bandsuits which challenge description. The members of one little band in New England wore lined, red flannel trousers with dark but decorated coats. The bandleaders in those days seemed to concentrate on their hats. Some wore big plug hats with gay rosettes made of ribbon or flowers. Others wore gorgeous plumes. The men in the bands usually had cloth epaulets sewn on their shoulders; the leaders' epaulets were trimmed so that they looked like glistening jewels. They usually wore whiskers, or at least well-waxed moustaches. The members of the bands, like their leaders, were often untrained and always unpaid. Though most of them could read music, many played "by ear."

Human folk need some form of self-expression and music is an ideal mode for an individual to give vent to his feelings and voice his desires. Often the mousiest, quietest little man in town joins the band and insists upon playing the tuba or pounding the largest drum. It gives him a feeling of importance and the satisfaction of achievement. He may not make speeches, or write influential articles, but he can beat the rhythm or blow the loud "oompas" that set the pace for the whole band.

As America's population increased, almost every village and town had a band. Their concerts in the public square became regular features. These village bands have done much for the advancement of music in our country. They have given more pleasure and delight to a greater number of people than any other agency. These bands have helped the love of music to find its way into the lives and hearts of the American people.

"When I hear music, I fear no danger. I am invulnerable. I see no foe." Thus wrote Henry D. Thoreau in his journal a century ago.

General Washington knew how a brisk, rhythmical tune helped hungry, poorly-clad soldiers on the march and also inspired them to fight bravely in battle. He felt that music was so important that he ordered forty to sixty fifers and drummers in each regiment of his army. The bands were chosen from the troops. These "musics", as Benjamin Franklin called them, were untrained and each man played in his own fashion, but their music gave the Revolutionists heart.

The influence of band music on the fighting man's morale has been recognized since historians began to write. A band, especially a military band, may inspire courage, a wish to fight or a will to win. It beats the rhythm for marching feet and gives a tune for whistling. Lively, tuneful marches send the troops quick-stepping off to the battlefront. Grand, triumphal strains herald the return of the victorious army.

Troops will step faster and march for a longer time to the rhythm of a drum than to any other way of keeping time. What is more stirring than the heavy, measured boom-boom-boom of the bass drum, the rhythmic clatter of the snare drum and the great blasts of tone from the huge, wide-mouthed horns?

In the beginning American military band music mainly consisted of the shrill tones of the fife paced by the rattle of the snare drums with their vibrating snares. The famous picture "The Spirit of Seventy-six" shows a revolutionary "fife and drum" band of this type. They were often called the "Drum and Foof" bands. Since those early days of military bands there has been notable change in instrumentation. Gradually more mellow-sounding instruments such as the oboes, trumpets and clarinets came into use. Present day bands are superior to our ears not only because the modern instruments are more perfectly manufactured but because of this new tonal balance.

"Boom-Boom-Boom-Boom!"

The drums beat loud, the fifes tooted shrilly, and the Marines tramped steadily down the dusty road. The offices of the U. S. Capitol had been moved from Philadelphia to the new Federal City on the Potomac early in June, 1800. Now late in July, on a hot muggy day, the Marine Corps and their band were on their way to Washington, 136 miles away. And they were marching on foot.

Since the organization of a Marine Corps in 1775, drums and fifes had furnished the music. The fife's piercing tones carried the melody while the drums beat the rhythm and gave the signals for the officers' orders.

These drums were wondrous things. Their tall, double-headed cylinders were capable of great vibrations caused by the gut strings across the lower head. The drums had red bodies and blue heads, painted to match the colors of the band uniforms. A coiled rattlesnake, with raised head ready to strike, was painted on the side of each drum, over the warning motto, "Don't tread on me."

At the close of the Revolutionary War, 1783, all military organizations were disbanded. But eleven years later the U. S. Navy was authorized by Congress; new duties were found for "Musics." They were ordered to play on recruiting duty and on frigates. After they had become so generally useful, Congress decided that there must be a fully organized band in the Marine Corps. President John Adams approved the bill to form this branch of the Marine Corps in 1798. The very first U. S. Marine Band consisted of a "drum major, fife major, and thirty-two drums and fifes."

Some Marine troops and their bands were sent to the U. S. warships engaged in the French Naval War. Others were dispatched to serve under Commander Stephen Decatur in his battles with the Barbary pirates in Tripoli Harbor.

One Marine Band unit, stationed in Philadelphia under Colonel William Ward Burrows, became the nucleus of the now famous Marine Band. Drum Major William Farr was appointed its leader.

Philadelphia people liked the Marine Band and its lively martial music. An especially large crowd enjoyed their playing on July 4, 1800, at the celebration of Independence Day. This was their last performance in Philadelphia; they moved to Washington in that same month, weary, footsore Marines camped in tents on a grassy slope overlooking the Potomac and the beautiful hills of Virginia beyond.

The people of Washington were thrilled and excited over the coming of the band and gladly welcomed it. This Federal City had proved sadly disappointing to its new residents, many of them from busy cities like New York, Philadelphia and Richmond. To them Washington was a desolate, forlorn-looking place--"mudhole in a wilderness" many called it. To these lonely people the band's lively music hinted at dances and parties.

The Marine Band received orders to do all in their power to cheer the inhabitants of Washington. Shortly after reaching the city on August 21, the band gave its first concert. Fortunately they played in the open air, for almost everyone in the town and country around attended. Everyone was joyous and happy at this first attempt at any kind of entertainment for the people. Young and old were there, dressed in their best, all eager to hear the first band concert in Washington.

Similar evening entertainments were enjoyed throughout those summer and autumn months. The Marine Band grew very popular with everyone, particularly President Adams, Vice-President Jefferson and the Secretary of the Navy, Benjamin Stoddard. Colonel Burrows, proud of his band, bought a number of new instruments which included two French horns, two clarinets, one bassoon and a bass drum.

On New Year's Day, 1801, the Marine Band for the first time played at the "President's Palace," as the White House was always called until it was burned by the British in the war of 1812. The occasion of this band concert was the formal reception held by President and Mrs. John Adams. Since that time the Marine Band's playing at the Presidents' New Year's receptions has become traditional.

Not only was the music pleasing, but the players were glamorous. The band uniforms were gay and striking--short, scarlet, gold-buttoned coatees, faced and edged with blue and gold; high blue collars and blue shoulder straps trimmed with gold; blue pantaloons with a scarlet stripe; and brown hats turned up on the left side with a black leather cockade. Each bandsman wore the black leather stock, or collar, which gave the Marines their familiar nickname of Leathernecks.

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