Read Ebook: The Cambridge natural history Vol. 05 (of 10) by Sedgwick Adam Sharp David Sinclair F G Frederick Granville Harmer S F Sidney Frederic Editor Shipley A E Arthur Everett Sir Editor

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PAGE

SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK ix

PERIPATUS

INTRODUCTION--EXTERNAL FEATURES--HABITS--BREEDING--ANATOMY--ALIMENTARY CANAL --NERVOUS SYSTEM--THE BODY WALL--THE TRACHEAL SYSTEM--THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM --THE VASCULAR SYSTEM--THE BODY CAVITY--NEPHRIDIA--GENERATIVE ORGANS --DEVELOPMENT--SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES--SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION 3

MYRIAPODA

INTRODUCTION--HABITS--CLASSIFICATION--STRUCTURE--CHILOGNATHA--CHILOPODA --SCHIZOTARSIA--SYMPHYLA--PAUROPODA--EMBRYOLOGY--PALAEONTOLOGY 29

INSECTA

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF INSECT LIFE--SOCIAL INSECTS--DEFINITION OF THE CLASS INSECTA--COMPOSITION OF INSECT SKELETON--NUMBER OF SEGMENTS--NATURE OF SCLERITES--HEAD--APPENDAGES OF THE MOUTH--EYES--THORAX--ENTOTHORAX--LEGS --WINGS--ABDOMEN OR HIND BODY--SPIRACLES--SYSTEMATIC ORIENTATION 83

ARRANGEMENT OF INTERNAL ORGANS--MUSCLES--NERVOUS SYSTEM--GANGLIONIC CHAIN --BRAIN--SENSE-ORGANS--ALIMENTARY CANAL--MALPIGHIAN TUBES--RESPIRATION --TRACHEAL SYSTEM--FUNCTION OF RESPIRATION--BLOOD OR BLOOD-CHYLE--DORSAL VESSEL OR HEART--FAT-BODY--OVARIES--TESTES--PARTHENOGENESIS--GLANDS 114

DEVELOPMENT

EMBRYOLOGY--EGGS--MICROPYLES--FORMATION OF EMBRYO--VENTRAL PLATE--ECTODERM AND ENDODERM--SEGMENTATION--LATER STAGES--DIRECT OBSERVATION OF EMBRYO --METAMORPHOSIS--COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE--INSTAR--HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS --METAMORPHOSIS OF INTERNAL ORGANS--INTEGUMENT--METAMORPHOSIS OF BLOWFLY --HISTOLYSIS--IMAGINAL DISCS--PHYSIOLOGY OF METAMORPHOSIS--ECDYSIS 143

CLASSIFICATION--THE NINE ORDERS OF INSECTS--THEIR CHARACTERS--PACKARD'S ARRANGEMENT--BRAUER'S CLASSIFICATION--CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON METAMORPHOSIS--SUPER-ORDERS--THE SUBDIVISIONS OF ORDERS 171

THE ORDER APTERA--DEFINITION--CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS--THYSANURA--CAMPODEA --JAPYX--MACHILIS--LEPISMA--DIVERSITY OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE IN THYSANURA --ECTOTROPHI AND ENTOTROPHI--COLLEMBOLA--LIPURIDAE--PODURIDAE --SMYNTHURIDAE--THE SPRING--THE VENTRAL TUBE--ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES --PROSTEMMATIC ORGAN--TRACHEAL SYSTEM--ANURIDA MARITIMA--COLLEMBOLA ON SNOW--LIFE-HISTORIES OF COLLEMBOLA--FOSSIL APTERA--APTERYGOGENEA --ANTIQUITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF CAMPODEA 180

ORTHOPTERA--FORFICULIDAE, EARWIGS--HEMIMERIDAE 198

NEUROPTERA--MALLOPHAGA--EMBIIDAE 341

NEUROPTERA PLANIPENNIA--SIALIDAE, ALDER-FLIES, SNAKE-FLIES--PANORPIDAE, SCORPION-FLIES--HEMEROBIIDAE, ANT-LIONS, LACEWINGS, ETC. 444

HYMENOPTERA--HYMENOPTERA SESSILIVENTRES--CEPHIDAE--ORYSSIDAE--SIRICIDAE --TENTHREDINIDAE OR SAWFLIES 487

HYMENOPTERA PETIOLATA--PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA--CYNIPIDAE OR GALL-FLIES --PROCTOTRYPIDAE--CHALCIDIDAE--ICHNEUMONIDAE--BRACONIDAE--STEPHANIDAE --MEGALYRIDAE--EVANIIDAE--PELECINIDAE--TRIGONALIDAE 519

INDEX 567

SCHEME OF THE CLASSIFICATION ADOPTED IN THIS BOOK

PROTOTRACHEATA

PERIPATUS

MYRIAPODA

Order. Family.

CHILOGNATHA POLYXENIDAE . GLOMERIDAE . SPHAEROTHERIIDAE . JULIDAE . BLANJULIDAE . CHORDEUMIDAE . POLYDESMIDAE . POLYZONIIDAE .

CHILOPODA LITHOBIIDAE . SCOLOPENDRIDAE . NOTOPHILIDAE . GEOPHILIDAE .

SCHIZOTARSIA CERMATIIDAE .

SYMPHYLA. SCOLOPENDRELLIDAE .

PAUROPODA PAUROPIDAE .

INSECTA

Order. Division, Series, Family. or Sub-Order.

APTERA THYSANURA CAMPODEIDAE . JAPYGIDAE . MACHILIDAE . LEPISMIDAE .

COLLEMBOLA LIPURIDAE . PODURIDAE . SMYNTHURIDAE .

Order. Division, Series, Family. Tribe or or Sub-Order. Sub-Family.

ORTHOPTERA ORTHOPTERA FORFICULIDAE . CURSORIA HEMIMERIDAE .

BLATTIDAE Ectobiides. Phyllodromiides. Nyctiborides. Epilamprides. Periplanetides. Panchlorides. Blaberides. Corydiides. Oxyhaloides. Perisphaeriides. Panesthiides. ? Geoscapheusides.

MANTIDAE Amorphoscelides. Orthoderides. Mantides. Harpagides. Vatides. Empusides.

PHASMIDAE Lonchodides. Bacunculides. Bacteriides. Necroscides. Clitumnides. Acrophyllides. Cladomorphides. Anisomorphides. Phasmides. Aschipasmides. Bacillides. Phylliides.

ORTHOPTERA ACRIDIIDAE Tettigides. SALTATORIA Pneumorides. Mastacides. Proscopiides. Tryxalides. Oedipodides. Pyrgomorphides. Pamphagides. Acridiides.

LOCUSTIDAE Phaneropterides. Meconemides. Mecopodides. Prochilides. Pseudophyllides. Conocephalides. Tympanophorides. Sagides. Locustides. Decticides. Callimenides. Ephippigerides. Hetrodides. Gryllacrides. Stenopelmatides.

GRYLLIDAE Tridactylides. Gryllotalpides. Myrmecophilides. Gryllides. Oecanthides. Trigonidiides. Eneopterides.

Order. Division, Series, Family. Tribe or Group. or Sub-Order. Sub-Family.

NEUROPTERA MALLOPHAGA Leiotheides. Philopterides.

PSEUDO- EMBIIDAE . NEUROPTERA TERMITIDAE . PSOCIDAE .

NEUROPTERA PERLIDAE . AMPHIBIO- TICA ODONATA Anisopterides Gomphinae. Cordulegasterinae. Aeschninae. Corduliinae. Libellulinae. Zygopterides Calepteryginae. Agrioninae.

EPHEMERIDAE .

NEUROPTERA SIALIDAE Sialides PLANIPENNIA Raphidiides.

PANORPIDAE .

HEMEROBIIDAE Myrmeleonides . Ascalaphides Holophthalmi. Schizophthalmi. Nemopterides . Mantispides . Hemerobiides Dilarina. Nymphidina. Osmylina. Hemerobiina. Chrysopides . Coniopterygides .

TRICHOPTERA PHRYGANEIDAE Phryganeides . Limnophilides . Sericostomatides . Leptocerides . Hydropsychides . Rhyacophilides . Hydroptilides .

HYMENOPTERA HYMENOPTERA CEPHIDAE . SESSILI- ORYSSIDAE . VENTRES SIRICIDAE . TENTHREDINIDAE .

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