Read Ebook: A short introduction to English grammar: with critical notes by Anonymous

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according to their Persons, Numbers, Cases, and Genders.

PERSONS.

Singular. Plural.

I, Thou, He; We, Ye or You, They.

CASES.

Nom. Poss. Obj. Nom. Poss. Obj.

First Person.

I, Mine, Me; We, Ours, Us.

Second Person.

Thou, Thine, Thee; Ye or You, Yours, You.

Third Person.

The Personal Pronouns have the nature of Substantives, and as such stand by themselves: the rest have the nature of Adjectives, and as such are joined to Substantives; and may be called Pronominal Adjectives.

All Nouns whatever in Grammatical Construction are of the Third Person: except when an address is made to a Person; then the Noun, answering to the Vocative Case in Latin, is of the Second Person.

ADJECTIVE.

An Adjective is a word joined to a Substantive to express its Quality.

In English the Adjective is not varied on account of Gender, Number, or Case. The only variation it admits of is that of the Degrees of Comparison.

VERB.

A VERB is a word which signifies to be, to do, or to suffer.

There are three kinds of Verbs; Active, Passive, and Neuter Verbs.

So when the Agent takes the lead in the Sentence, the Verb is Active, and the Object follows: when the Object takes the lead, the Verb is Passive, and the Agent follows.

In English many Verbs are used both in an Active and a Neuter signification, the construction only determining of which kind they are.

In a Verb are to be considered the Person, the Number, the Time, and the Mode.

Time is Present, Past, or Future.

To HAVE.

Indicative Mode.

Present Time.

Person. Sing. Plur.

Past Time.

Future Time.

Imperative Mode.

Subjunctive Mode.

Present Time.

Infinitive Mode.

Present, To have: Past, To have had.

Participle.

Present, Having: Perfect, Had: Past, Having had.

To BE.

Indicative Mode.

Present Time.

Or,

Past Time.

Future Time.

Imperative Mode.

Subjunctive Mode.

Present Time.

Past Time.

Infinitive Mode.

Present, To be: Past, To have been.

Participle.

Present, Being: Perfect, Been: Past, Having been.

The Verb Active is thus varied according to Person, Number, Time and Mode.

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