: The Whence and the Whither of Man A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment; Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 by Tyler John M John Mason - Evolution

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INTRODUCTION

THE PROBLEM: THE MODE OF ITS SOLUTION

The question.--The two theories of man's origin.--The argument purely historical.--Means of tracing man's ancestry and history.--Classification.--Ontogenesis and Phylogenesis.

PROTOZOA TO WORMS: CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS

Amoeba: Its anatomy and physiology.--Development of the cell.--Hydra: The development of digestive and reproductive organs, and of tissues.--Forms intermediate between amoeba and hydra: Magosphaera, volvox.--Embryonic development.--Turbellaria: Appearance of a body wall, of ganglion, and nerve-cords.

WORMS TO VERTEBRATES: SKELETON AND HEAD

Worms and the development of organs.--Mollusks: The external protective skeleton leads to degeneration or stagnation.--Annelids and arthropods: The external locomotive skeleton leads to temporary rapid advance, but fails of the goal.--Its disadvantages.--Vertebrates: The internal locomotive skeleton leads to backbone and brain.--Reasons for their dominance.--The primitive vertebrate.

VERTEBRATES: BACKBONE AND BRAIN

The advance of vertebrates from fish through amphibia and reptiles to mammals.--The development of skeleton, appendages, circulatory and respiratory systems, and brain.--Mammals: The oviparous monotremata.--Marsupials.--Placental mammals.--Development of the placenta.--Primates.--Arboreal life and the development of the hand.--Comparison of man with the highest apes.--Recapitulation of the history of man's origin and development.--The sequence of dominant functions.

THE HISTORY OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SEQUENCE OF FUNCTIONS

Mode of investigation.--Intellect.--Sense-perceptions.--Association. --Inference and understanding.--Rational intelligence.--Modes of mental or nervous action.--Reflex action, unconscious and comparatively mechanical.--Instinctive action: The actor is conscious, but guided by heredity.--Intelligent action.--The actor is conscious, guided by intelligence resulting from experience or observation.--The will stimulated by motives.--Appetites.--Fear and other prudential considerations.--Care for young and love of mates.--The dawn of unselfishness.--Motives furnished by the rational intelligence: Truth, right, duty.--Recapitulation: The will, stimulated by ever higher motives, is finally to be dominated by unselfishness and love of truth and righteousness.--These rouse the only inappeasable hunger, and are capable of indefinite development.--Strength of these motives.--Their complete dominance the goal of human development.

NATURAL SELECTION AND ENVIRONMENT

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