: Half a Man: The Status of the Negro in New York by Ovington Mary White Boas Franz Author Of Introduction Etc - African Americans New York (State) New York

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g it occasionally in work or through the friendship of children, who, left to themselves, know no race. They had battled against prejudice and had won their rights as citizens.

As we look at the life of a segregated people, however, we see that we tend always to regard not the individual but the group. The Negro is a man in Europe, because there he is an individual, standing or falling by his own merits. But in America, even in so cosmopolitan a city as New York, he is judged, not by his own achievements, but by the achievements of every other New York black man. So we will leave these able colored Americans, who won much both for themselves and for their race, and turn to the mass of the Negroes, the toiling poor, who dwell in our tenements today.

FOOTNOTES:

Daniel Horsmanden, "New York Conspiracy, or a History of the Negro Plot."

James Grant Wilson, "History of New York," Vol. II, p. 314.

POPULATION OF NEW YORK FROM 1800 TO 1900: TOTAL AND NEGRO.

BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN Percentage Total Negro of Negroes

BOROUGHS OF MANHATTAN AND BRONX

GREATER NEW YORK

For a full account of the Negro's political status in New York consult Charles Z. Lincoln's "Constitutional History of New York."

Thomas Boese's "Public Education in the City of New York," p. 227.

A. Emerson Palmer, "The New York Public School."

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