: Excavations at the LoDaisKa Site in the Denver Colorado area by Irwin H T Henry Thomas Johnson Irwin Williams Cynthia Galinat Walton C Contributor Hunt Charles B Charles Butler Contributor Lewis G Edward George Edward Contributor Rodden Robert J Contributo

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Investigations At The LoDaisKa Site

Introduction

HISTORY OF INVESTIGATION

The foothills of the Rocky Mountains, although readily accessible, are archaeologically almost unknown. Geographically they lie between two culture areas--the Desert Culture of the Great Basin to the west and the Plains cultures to the east. Environmentally the region preserves a special character unlike either the Basin or the Plains. The area around the town of Morrison, Colorado, some fifteen miles west of Denver, seemed to offer unusual potentialities for archaeological investigation because of the prominent rock formations and the possibilities of overhangs. Very little previous work had been done in the vicinity.

Dr. E. B. Renaud undertook the first archaeological reconnaissance of the area in 1931 and 1932. His survey was brief, but indicated the presence of several sites. However, the Morrison area is not ideal for the location of archaeological remains, principally because its mesophytic environment gives rise to little erosion. Since 1931 the only investigation was carried out by amateurs of the region. The most extensive survey was done by LoDaisKa Bethel, to whom we owe the discovery of the present site. The authors became aware of the importance of the area after a surface survey, and after the excavation of two rockshelters containing the remains of the Plains Woodland Culture . Subsequent contact with Mrs. Bethel led to the excavation of the LoDaisKa Site.

Physiography

The LoDaisKa Site is located beneath an outcrop of Fountain Sandstone, about a mile south of Morrison, on the ranch of Otto Sanger. Physiographically the Morrison area is part of the Southern Rocky Mountain Province. Broad elevated strips of granite, running north and south, are flanked by dipping sedimentary rocks. The latter are generally lower and form foothills. Both once formed continuous anticlinal structures, now deeply eroded . The granite masses are usually mountainous, but occasionally form vast plateaus such as South Park. Locally they are capped by remnant sedimentaries.

For over half the mountain frontage of this Province, a very resistant formation, the Dakota Sandstone, creates a "hogback". A valley of weaker sedimentaries lies between it and the foothills, beginning about two miles to the west. The Fountain Sandstone, locally known as the "Red Rocks" formation, outcrops in this depression.

Mountain streams collecting in the inter-ridge valley form a trellis drainage pattern. Master streams cut through the Dakota Formation creating watergaps. The LoDaisKa Site lies in the shelter of an outcrop of the Fountain Sandstone which rises some 60 feet above the valley. The site lies at an elevation of about 6200 feet.

CLIMATE

Precipitation Temperature Mean Mean Av. Ann. Max. Min. Mean Ann. Ann. Max. Ann. Min. Morrison 14.20? 22.96? 7.51? Denver 15.70?? 23.10? 7.84? 50.3? 63.2? 37.3? Av. Ann. Snowfall 55.6?

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