: Summa Theologica Part III (Tertia Pars) From the Complete American Edition by Thomas Aquinas Saint - Theology Doctrinal Early works to 1800; Catholic Church Doctrines Early works to 1800; God Omnipresence Early works to 1800; God Attributes Early works to

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Transcribed from the Rowell and Son edition by David Price. Many thanks to the British Library for making their copy available.

ADDRESS TO THE INHABITANTS OF RUGBY ABOUT THE CHOLERA MORBUS.

FRIENDS AND FELLOW TOWNSMEN,

CHOLERA MORBUS means in English "a disease of the bile." Those common bowel complaints which occur every Autumn are instances of CHOLERA; the bile is out of order, and the natural action of the bowels becomes disordered. But the CHOLERA which has been so much talked of on the Continent of Europe is called SPASMODIC CHOLERA, that is "a disease of the bile attended with spasms or cramps." To say the truth however, it does not appear that CHOLERA is a very proper name for it; for it seems much more a disease of the blood than of the bile. It is by no means always accompanied with disorder in the bowels, but it is as if a man's life blood were suddenly poisoned; as if it were choked up so that it could not flow freely, and therefore there is a great feeling of weight and pressure about the heart and chest. The powers of life seem palsied, the legs and belly become cold and cramped, and the pulse so weak that you can scarcely feel it. A man dies of the disorder keeping his senses to the last generally within twenty-four hours, unless you can succeed in restoring the natural action of the blood, and so relieving him from the cramps, and chills, and oppression under which he had laboured.

This is a new disorder in this part of the world, and one asks naturally how and where it first broke out. It was first observed at a place called Jessore in India, about a hundred miles north east of Calcutta. This was in August, 1817, that is, more than fourteen years ago. How it arose, nobody can certainly tell. Some say that the rice on which the natives chiefly live, was very bad that year, and bred the disorder in those who ate it. But however this be, the disease has ever since been travelling about in various directions in Asia, till in the Autumn of last year, 1830, it made its appearance in Europe, and broke out at Moscow in Russia towards the end of September. From thence in the present year it has spread to St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire; to Berlin, the capital of Prussia; to Vienna, the capital of Austria; and latterly to Hamburg, in Germany, a great city near the mouth of the river Elbe, opposite to the eastern coast of England. It is now said to have crossed over to England within the last week, and to have appeared at Sunderland, in Durham, and at Newcastle upon Tyne, in Northumberland.

At any rate this much is certain,--that whether it be in the air or whether it be caught from those who are ill of it, there are a great many persons who will neither take it one way or the other. If it is in the air, all people living in the same place must be equally exposed to it, but we see that at Vienna, out of a population of nearly 300,000 persons, only 2,800 have taken the Cholera: at Berlin, out of a population of 200,000, the deaths have been about 1,184. Or supposing that it is caught by one person from another, still we find that few only catch it; for of these 1,184 persons who have died at Berlin, more than 700 lived in 400 different houses, which 400 houses were inhabited by above 16,000 people. You see at once that they must have been very crowded, for this is at the rate of 40 inhabitants to every house, and yet out of these 40 persons, placed in circumstances the most likely, one would think, to make them catch it, not so many as two died from it. It should be added that there are in all about 7000 houses in Berlin, so that in 6600 of these there were not more than 400 deaths, and as the whole population of the City is only 200,000, it is plain that the houses in which the deaths took place must have been much more closely inhabited than is generally the case, for allowing 40 persons for every house in the whole town would make the population 280,000, instead of 200,000.

My object in writing this has been merely to give some information to those who do not see much of books or newspapers. Of course those who do, know already just as much about the Cholera, and very likely much more than I do. And further for those persons who if they read a newspaper do not keep it by them, I have thought it right to reprint the Directions published by Sir Henry Halford, the President of the London Board of Health, and circulated with his authority in London.

AN INHABITANT OF RUGBY.

NOVEMBER 11TH.

"It is important to point out the instant measures which may safely and beneficially be employed where medical aid cannot immediately be procured. All means tending to restore the circulation and maintain the warmth of the body, should be had recourse to without delay. The patients should always immediately be put to bed, wrapped up in hot blankets, and warmth should be sustained by other external applications, such as repeated frictions with flannels and camphorated spirits; poultices of mustard and linseed to the stomach, particularly where pain and vomiting exist; similar poultices to the feet and legs to restore their warmth. The returning heat of the body may be prompted by bags containing hot salt or bran applied to different parts of it. For the same purpose of restoring and sustaining the circulation, white wine whey with spice, hot brandy and water, or sal volatile, in a dose of a tea-spoonful, in hot water, frequently repeated, or from 5 to 20 drops of some of the essential oils, as peppermint, cloves, or cajeput, in a wine-glass of water, may be administered: with the same view, where the stomach will bear it, warm broth, with spice may be employed. In very severe cases, or where medical aid is difficult to be obtained, from 20 to 40 drops of laudanum may be given in any of the warm drinks previously recommended,

Obj. 2: Further, from the union of soul and body results the nature of the human species. But Damascene says , that "we must not conceive a common species in the Lord Jesus Christ." Therefore there was no union of soul and body in Him.

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